Target groups
Alessandra Ballerini, Italian lawyer specialized in human rights and immigration, reported to Project Voice participants her experience about migrants rights and reception on the Italian jurisdiction during the last transnational meeting of the Project in Genoa (November 2021)
Children in family facilities and in residential services for minors
Children in foster care and in residential services in Italy and in some European Union countries (at the end of 2017)
| COUNTRY | CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN FOSTER CARE | CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN RESIDENTIAL SERVICES | CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS OUTSIDE THE FAMILY |
| FRANCE (a) | 97.701 | 54.957 | 152.658 |
| GERMANY (b) | 69.575 | 72.103 | 141.678 |
| ITALY (c) | 14.219 | 12.892 | 27.111 |
| UK (d) | 53.040 | 20.220 | 73.260 |
| SPAIN (e) | 19.004 | 17.527 | 36.531 |
- Fonte: Onpe, Observatoire national de la protection de l’enfance
- Fonte: www.dstatis.de
- Fonte: “Quaderni della ricerca sociale” (notebook n ° 46) entitled CHILDREN AND BOYS IN FAMILY FACILITY AND IN RESIDENTIAL SERVICES FOR MINORS – edited by Donata Bianchi; Elisa Gaballo; Enrico Moretti of the Istituto degli Innocenti in Florence.
- Fonte: UK Department of education
- Fonte: Observatorio de la infanzia
Unaccompanied minors
UNACCOMPANIED MINOR is a minor who:
- arrives on the territory of an EU Member unaccompanied by the adult responsible for them by law or by the practice of the EU Member State concerned, and for as long as they are not effectively taken into the care of such a person
- is left unaccompanied after they have entered the territory of the EU Member State
NUMBERS*:
In 2020, 6.469.500 children were non-nationals in their country of residence, representing 8% of the total number of children in the EU.
In 2019, 303.000 non-EU children aged less than 15 migrated to one of the EU Member States.
In 2020, 129.630 first-time asylum applicants were children, representing 31.1% of the total number of first-time asylum applicants recorded in the EU.
The three most represented citizenships in 2020 for first-time asylum applicants under the age of 18 were Syrians, Afghans and Iraqis.
From 2010 to 2020, unaccompanied minors accounted on average for 15.4% of the total number of first-time asylum applicants aged less than 18.
Unaccompanied minors accounted for 10% of all asylum applicants aged less than 18 in the EU in 2020. The majority (88%) were males. 67% were aged 16 to 17 (9 100 persons), while those aged 14 to 15 accounted for 22% (3 000 persons) and those aged less than 14 for 11% (1 500 persons).
*Sources: Eurostat, Salvati Copii Romania, UNHCR
Children in poverty
The risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) is defined as the share of the population in at least one of the following three conditions:
1
at risk of poverty, meaning below the poverty threshold,
2
in a situation of severe material and social deprivation,
3
living in a household with a very low work intensity.
NUMBERS*:
1 out of 4 children in the EU are at risk of poverty or social exclusion
In 2020, an estimated 24.2 % of children (aged less than 18 years) in the EU were at risk of poverty or social exclusion compared with 21.7 % of working-age adults (aged 18-64 years) and 20.4 % of older people (aged 65 years and over).
In 2020, households composed of a single person with dependent children recorded the highest risk of poverty or social exclusion in the EU (42.1 %).
In 2020, 71.9 % of very low work intensity households with dependent children were at risk of poverty in the EU.
*Data and text from Eurostat, Save the Children, Save the Children Romania
https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/document/impact-covid-19-children-europe/
https://www.salvaticopiii.ro/sci-ro/media/Documente/Comunicat-1-iunie-2021-Salvati-Copiii.pdf
People with drugs addiction
NUMBERS:
Cannabis
Adults (15-64)
Cocaine
Adults (15-64)
MDMA
Adults (15-64)
Amphetamines
Adults (15-64)
- the pandemic led to a 38% increase in cannabis use and a 42% decrease in MDMA use among those surveyed.
- In surveys conducted in Spain, 37.5% reported using cannabis during 2020, 11.2% reported using cocaine and 5% reported using MDMA.
- As stated in the Spanish addiction action plan, the use of sedatives-hypnotics is the only drug use in Spain where the prevalence in women is higher than in men.
All this information should be considered as a minimum estimate due to reporting biases.
More information can be found in the following links:
https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/13838/2021.2256_ES0906.pdf
Children and people with technology addiction or abuse
NUMBERS*:
- the average time spent online everyday by people aged 9-16 in EU
- Daily use of different devices
- Negative online experiences in the past year
- How children react after having negative online experiences
- Aggression and victimization in the past year (on- or offline)
- Harmful content
- Specific types of data misuse
- Excessive internet use
- Seeing sexual images (on- or offline)
- Sharenting
More information can be found in the following links:
https://www.lse.ac.uk/media-and-communications/assets/documents/research/eu-kids-online/reports/EU-Kids-Online-2020-March2020.pdf Teams of the EU Kids Online network collaborated between autumn 2017 and summer 2019 to conduct a major survey of 25,101 children in 19 European countries.
Women victims of violence
Each week, around 50 women lose their lives to domestic violence in the EU, a trend that has increased during the pandemic. With the restrictions, it has also become more difficult for victims to get help.
At the same time, the growing use of the internet during the pandemic has increased online gender-based violence and the number of online sexual abuse of children and especially girls.
NUMBERS*:
One-third of women in the EU have experienced physical and/or sexual violence since the age of 15
75 % of women within a professional setting or those in top management jobs have experienced sexual harassment.
35% of women in the EU have experienced controlling behaviors from their current or previous partners
About 50 women are killed in one case of domestic violence every week
About 74% of European citizens believe that violence against women is a widespread phenomenon in their country
Fonte: Tackling violence against women and domestic violence in Europe 2020
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/658648/IPOL_STU(2020)658648_EN.pdf
Homeless people
NUMBERS*:
700.000 homeless people in the European Union, with a 70% increase in the last ten years.
The number of homeless people dropped dramatically during the recent health crisis, thanks to emergency measures to provide shelter for the most vulnerable, but still remains at worrying levels.
Among the homeless, people in exile are over-represented, and there is also an alarming increase in homelessness among minors, young people, the LGBTQ community, single women, asylum seekers and people under international protection.
With rare exceptions, European countries as a whole experienced an explosion in the number of homeless people between 2008 and 2018: + 211% in Ireland; + 121% in the Netherlands; + 72% in England; + 50% in France. In Italy the percentage of people homeless for more than two years has increased from 27.4 to 41.1%.
The percentage of those who have been homeless for more than four years has gone from 16% in 2011 to 21.4% in 2014..
In Ireland, one in three homeless people in temporary accommodation is a child; in Sweden between 1993 and 2017 the share of women among the homeless population increased from 17% to 38%; in the Netherlands the number of homeless young people went from 4 thousand in 2009 to 12,600 in 2018; in Germany, families with children represent 27.2% of homeless refugees; in Greece 51% of the 3,774 unaccompanied minors are homeless.
Fonte: Fifth Overview of Housing Exclusion in Europe 2020
https://www.feantsa.org/public/user/Resources/resources/Rapport_Europe_2020_GB.pdf
Asylum seekers
Of its 512 million inhabitants on 1 January 2018, the European Union is home to 22 million non-European citizens, or about 4.4% of its population.
NUMBERS*:
Having reached a peak of more than 1.3 million in 2015, the annual number of asylum seekers in Europe (those coming from third countries), dropped considerably to 647,165 people in 2018. The upward trajectory returned between 2018 and 2019 when 721,070 people (+13%) applied for asylum across the EU-28 countries.
In 2019, 39% of first instance decisions on asylum applications in the EU-28 were positive and led to the granting of refugee status, subsidiary protection status, or a residence permit on humanitarian grounds and 39% of final judgements after appeal or review led to a positive outcome
The main destination countries of first-time asylum applicants were Germany (22% of all first-time applicants to Member States in 2019), France (18%), Spain (17%), Greece (11%), the United Kingdom (7%), and Italy (5%).
Syria was the main country of origin of asylum seekers in the European Union Member States in 2019, a position it has held since 2013 (11% of the total number of asylum seekers). Syria was followed by Afghanistan (8%), Venezuela (6%), Iraq (5%), Pakistan and Colombia (4%).
In 2019, in the EU-28, almost four-fifths of asylum seekers (77%) were under 35 years old. People aged 18-34 years represented just under half (48%) of the total number of applicants, while almost one third (29%) were minors under 18 years of age.
In Italy, the number of asylum seekers rejected under the Dublin procedure nearly tripled between 2013 (2,500 rejected people) and 2018 (6,500). In Spain, asylum applications have multiplied 45 times in six years.
Fonte: Fifth Overview of Housing Exclusion in Europe 2020
https://www.feantsa.org/public/user/Resources/resources/Rapport_Europe_2020_GB.pdf
